Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically-related compounds (vitamers), all of which have vitamin activity. It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt. Vitamin B12 was discovered from its relationship to the disease pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease in which parietal cells of the stomach responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed.
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. After the body uses these vitamins, leftover amounts leave the body through the urine. People who follow a strict vegetarian or vegan diet and do not consume eggs or dairy products may need vitamin B12 supplements. People who have digestive disorders, such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease, may not absorb enough vitamin B12.
A vitamin B12 test measures the amount of vitamin B12 in the blood. The body needs this B vitamin to make blood cells and to maintain a healthy nervous system. There are several risk factors for this anemia, such as those who have had stomach or intestinal surgery, small intestine problems, or people with a family history of this anemia.
These food additives safety tests assess how the additives react in the body and also work to find any toxic effects at the levels the additive is to be used in foods. However, test on all segments of human population is not possible before providing food safety certificates and categorizing a safe food additive.
Others: Fumaric Acid L-Malic Acid
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